Coral bleaching is caused by environmental factors like rising ocean temperatures and climate change. As much as 84% of the world’s coral reefs are being impacted. Coral reefs are important for sustaining marine biodiversity, but also for local economies that rely on fish for food or income. Coral relies on a type of algae called zooxanthellae as its food source. It also gives algae its vibrant colors. If the algae is not healthy, then the coral starts to turn white. Coral is not only important to marine life, but it also acts as a natural breakwater on the coast which reduces wave energy. Too much wave energy can lead to erosion and flooding. Scientists are trying to figure out how to protect coral reefs from the impacts of climate change.

Keeping coral reef algae (zooxanthellae) healthy seems to be the most important part of sustaining coral reefs in the future. More focus needs to be put on educating people about the importance of coral reefs. Environmental science is used to explain the environmental impact of climate change and how it needs to be taken more seriously.

Hobson, M. (2025, July 8). What causes coral bleaching? Here’s how it threatens ocean and 

human life. Environment. National Geographic. 2025. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/coral-bleaching-causes-impacts