The article covers the widespread presence of heavy metals in everyday life, with environmental pollution producing substantial health problems, particularly in children due to their unique traits. It examines several epidemiological research on the effects of heavy metal exposure on children’s immunological function. The review, which focuses on lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, nickel, and manganese, shows negative impacts such as decreased lymphocyte counts, poorer immunological responses, altered cytokine levels, and lower antibody titers. The study emphasizes heavy metals’ link to vaccine failure and immune-related disorders in children while considering how age, gender, nutrition, and co-exposure influence outcomes.

 

    The article is relevant to environmental science since it dives into the serious issue of heavy metal exposure produced by pollution and its negative consequences on children’s immunological function. The study provides insight into the complex interaction between environmental pollutants and human health by studying the effects of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, nickel, and manganese on immune cells, cytokines, and immunoglobulins. While reading it, I found the critical need to identify and mitigate the environmental conditions contributing to heavy metal contamination, adding to the broader area of environmental science and its consequences for public health.